Simple Present · Geniş zaman

Alışkanlıklardan bahsederken kullanılır.

• My father builds model planes when he has time at weekends.

Structure · Yapı

• take / go out / make I usually take a break at noon and have lunch with my colleagues in the cafeteria.
• don't + V1 We don't usually go out to dinner on weekdays.
• Do + özne + V1? Do you make a to-do list every morning to stay organised?
• V1 + s She diligently completes her assignments before the deadline.
• doesn't + V1 Alex doesn't have a car, so he walks or takes public transportation.
• Does + özne + V1? Does your father fix things around the house on weekends?

Simple Present uses 1/2 (a) · Kullanımlar 1/2 (a)

• Bilimsel gerçekler, genellemeler The Amazon Rainforest produces 20% of Earth's oxygen.
• Sürekli, kalıcı, tekrarlı eylemler Our company announces scholarships for hundreds of students on its website every year.
• Planlanmış, zaman çizelgesi The tournament kicks off with the match between Germany and Spain on Monday.

Simple Present uses 1/2 (b) · Kullanımlar 1/2 (b)

• Haberler ve gazete başlıkları Thousands of people remain without power after the storm hits the region.
• Kitap, film özeti, hikaye anlatımı Because the little girl always wears a red cloak, everyone in the village calls her Little Red Riding Hood.
• Spor müsabakası anlatımı Usain Bolt, the Jamaican athlete, breaks the world record in the 100 metres with 9.58.

Simple Present uses 2/2 (a) · Kullanımlar 2/2 (a)

• Spor müsabakası anlatımı Usain Bolt, the Jamaican athlete, breaks the world record in the 100 metres with 9.58.
• Atasözleri A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.
• Yol tarifi, yönerge First, take a large bowl and mix the dry ingredients carefully. My grandma always says, “Stir it with love for a tastier cake!”

Simple Present uses 2/2 (b) · Kullanımlar 2/2 (b)

• Duygu, dilek, temenni I hope the weather is fine tomorrow as we've planned a trip to İstanbul University for our students.
• Durum bildiren eylemler I want two Turkish bagels with a glass of tea, please.
• Resmî açılış ve törenler The president cuts the red ribbon and opens the sports hall to public service.

Where does the adverb go? (a) · Zarf nerede? (a)

• Olumlu cümle: özne ile asıl fiil arası They often go hiking in the mountains on weekends, as they enjoy the fresh air and beautiful views.
• be fiili: özneden sonra He is always very careful when he speaks to his boss.
• Soru: özneden hemen sonra Are you usually the one who takes photos during your trips?

Where does the adverb go? (b) · Zarf nerede? (b)

• Bazıları cümle başında da olur Sometimes I forget to charge my phone before bed.
• never, seldom, rarely: yapı olumlu, anlam olumsuz My daughter rarely has tantrums, even though she is currently in her terrible twos.

Adverbs: emphasis · Vurgu

• Başa gelirse devrik yapı (inversion) Rarely does the temperature rise in Vostok, which is located near the South Pole.
• rarely / seldom + quite, very: cümle sonunda; anlam değişmez, vurgu artar My grandma follows a healthy life style and goes to doctor quite seldom.

Present Continuous · Şimdiki zaman

Konuşmanın gerçekleştiği anda olan eylemleri belirtmek için kullanılır.

• As the boss is having an important meeting with the clients right now, I can't put you through.

Structure · Yapı

• I: am + V-ing I am practicing the guitar for an upcoming performance.
• I: am not + V-ing I am not taking a break from work this afternoon; I have a tight deadline.
• Am I + V-ing? Am I inviting too many guests to the birthday celebration?
• You, We, They: are The children are playing outside in the backyard.
• aren't + V-ing We aren't going on vacation this summer due to work constraints.
• Are + özne + V-ing? Are we going to the beach for vacation this summer?
• He, She, It: is Sally is attending a webinar to enhance her professional skills.
• isn't / Is + özne She isn't coming to the party tonight because she has prior commitments.

Present Continuous uses (a) · Kullanımlar (a)

• Bugünlerde devam eden eylemler These days, you are spending more time on your computer.
• Geçici eylem ve durumlar Many farmers are struggling with drought conditions this summer.
• Kararlaştırılmış yakın gelecek We are having a barbecue party with our friends this Sunday afternoon.

Present Continuous uses (b) · Kullanımlar (b)

• Değişmekte olan olay ve durumlar The hole in the ozone layer is getting bigger and bigger owing to the aerosol chemicals.
• always, continually, constantly: yakınma, eleştiri My sister is always taking my clothes without my permission.

Non-progressive verbs · Durum fiilleri

*Non-progressive verbs* (stative verbs) bir süreci değil, durumu, hissi veya zihinsel bir durumu ifade eder. Bu nedenle *Present Continuous Tense* ile kullanılmaz.

Non-progressive verbs · Durum fiilleri

• State · Durumlar · Bir durumun varlığını veya niteliğini ifade eder. be, seem, appear, consist, contain, depend, include, matter, exist
• Mental States · Zihinsel Faaliyetler · Düşünceler, inançlar veya zihinsel farkındalıkla ilgili durumları ifade eder. know, believe, understand, realize, remember, forget, mean, think, imagine, recognize, suppose
• Emotions · Duygular · Kişinin hislerini ve tercihlerini ifade eder. love, like, hate, dislike, prefer, want, need, wish
• Perceptions · Duyular ve Algılar · Beş duyuyla algılanan durumları ifade eder. see, hear, smell, taste, feel, look
• Possession · Sahiplik · Sahiplik veya aitlik durumlarını ifade eder. have, own, possess, belong

Same verb, two meanings 1/3 · Aynı fiil, iki anlam 1/3

• think · non-progressive: fikir beyan etmek · progressive: düşünmek Do you think he is telling the truth? / I am thinking of changing my car as it is quite old.
• see · non-progressive: görmek · progressive: buluşmak, randevusu olmak Tom doesn't see the key because he has lost his glasses. / I am seeing my dentist on Saturday.
• smell · non-progressive: kokmak · progressive: koklamak Popcorn smells delicious. / My mother is smelling the roses I bought for her birthday.
• taste · non-progressive: tat vermek · progressive: tatmak This sandwich tastes delicious. / The chef is tasting the sauce to see if it is OK.

Same verb, two meanings 2/3 · Aynı fiil, iki anlam 2/3

• feel (touch) · non-progressive: bir nesnenin dokunulduğunda verdiği his · progressive: dokunarak hissetmek This scarf feels like silk. / Mum is feeling John's forehead to check if he has a fever.
• feel (sense) · non-progressive: sezinlemek · progressive: hissetmek I feel he will pass all his exams thanks to his hard work. / Sue is feeling ill today, so she will stay at home.
• appear · non-progressive: gibi görünmek · progressive: sahneye çıkmak She appears to be upset. What is wrong with her? / My brother's band is appearing at the Great Pallas.
• look · non-progressive: görünmek · progressive: bakmak Your mother looks quite young. / The little boy is upsetly looking at his broken toy in his hand.

Same verb, two meanings 3/3 · Aynı fiil, iki anlam 3/3

• have · non-progressive: sahip olmak · progressive: diğer tüm anlamları Our next-door neighbour has a lot of pets. / We are having a party on Sunday.
• weigh · non-progressive: ağırlığında olmak · progressive: tartmak The newborn baby weighs 3.5 kilos. / The grocer is weighing the vegetables carefully.
• be · non-progressive: genel olarak olmak · progressive: bir süreliğine olmak Our new teacher is very polite. / Why are you being so quiet today?

Time clues 1/3: Simple Present · Zaman ifadeleri 1/3

Simple Present every day / week / year, once a month / a year, at weekends, every five minutes / two hours, from time to time, in the morning / at night, in summer / in winter, twice a day / a month, on Mondays / Sundays, all the time / most of the time, daily / weekly / monthly / yearly, during holidays

Time clues 2/3: Frequency adverbs · Zaman ifadeleri 2/3

Frequency Adverbs always, almost always, nearly always, usually, generally, often, frequently, sometimes, occasionally, rarely, seldom, hardly ever, scarcely ever, almost never, never

Time clues 3/3: Present Continuous · Zaman ifadeleri 3/3

Present Continuous all day, week long, over the next few days / weeks, still, now, lately, for now, at the moment, today, right now, nowadays, continually, just now, these days, tomorrow, at present, currently, constantly, for the time being, this week, in this period